Our lab combines a cutting-edge, high-throughput cryo-focused-ion-beam-milling (cryo-FIB) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) pipeline with biochemistry, and bacterial genetics to study biofilm formation. We aim to: (i) understand the architecture and cell-surface assemblies, especially adhesins and pili, and their role in biofilm initiation; (ii) understand how proteins and polysaccharides are exported to the cell surface.